Shore or bank protector and apparatus for constructing and placing same



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. D. NEALE. SHORE 0R BANK PROTEGTOR ANDAPPARATUS FOR GONSTRUGTING AND PLACING SAME.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets*Sheet 2.

D. NEALE.

SHORE 0R BANK PROTECTOR AND APPARATUS FOR OONSTRUGTING AND PLACING SAME.

No. 547,024. Patented Oct. 1 1895.

Unirrnn rates ArnNr DAVID NEALE, OF FORT CALHOUN, NEBRASKA.

SHORE 0R BANK PROTECTOR AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING AND PLACING SAME.

$PEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 547,024, dated October1, 1895. Application filed February 7, 1895- Serlal No. 7, We model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DAVID NEALE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Fort Calhoun, in the county of Washington and State ofNebraska, have invented a new and useful Shore 0r Bank Protector andApparatus for Constructing and Placing the Same, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to acontinuous fabric or mattress for theprotection of shores or banks and apparatus for constructing and placingthe same, the objects being to dispense with the bulkhead usually usedto start such facings on. river banks, to dispense with the use of stonewhere these are not easily attainable, to economize in the use of brush,and to provide at minimum cost a facing of the greatest strength anddurability, with other important features more fully set forthhereinafter, and illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a sectional view parallel with the shore or stream, showingthe apparatus supported on the ice with section of facing as made,deposited, and anchored beneath the water and upon the bank. Fig. 2 is aplan of a part of the portable apparatus or machine for weaving thefacing. Fig. 3 shows a section of the facing and bank on the broken line9 n, looking down stream, also shows the arrangement of a catamaran tocarry the weaving apparatus when there is no ice. Fig. 4 is aperspective detail of the arrangement of the warp-cables, quilting andbinding wires, and lateral anchoring-cables with the woof or fillingremoved; and Fig. 5 is a perspective detail of the machine for managingthe free ends or coils of warp-cables.

Similar numerals refer to similar throughout the several views.

When the facing is to be used to protect the bank of a stream, I beginat the upstream end, and instead of building a large bulkhead to anchorand protect this end of the facing, I start by constructing on the bank29, above parts the water 28, and either on the ice 27 or on an anchoredcatamaran 40 4:1 the end of the facing of the required width and at therequired point on the stream. When sufficient length is made to reachdown to the required depth, the anchor-cables 32 are attached one to theend of each double warp line or cable, consist ing of the cables 16 and17, These anchorcables are cut to about equal lengths, and an anchor 34attached to the free end of each and driven into the bank 29 and bed ofstream 43 to the desired depth after removingthe ice from under the partover the water. (See Fig. 1.) The anchor used to retain this facing isthe one patented to me April 10, 1894, No. 517,880, being adaptable forthis purpose and may be driven so far as to give absolute security; butother forms of anchors might be used. In this mannerapermanentlyanchored start is obtained and the construction and lateral anchoringproceeded with as follows: a series of longitudinal cables or warp-linesarranged in pairs 16 and 17, the pairs a required distance apart tosecure the woof or fillingwhich is usually brush, but maybe poles, bagasse, reeds, long hay, or straw, or other fibrous material placedbetween the upper and lower warp-lines in limited installments, saysufficient to add four to ten feet to the length of facing. Then thewarp-lines are reversed'in position, bringing the lines that were abovebelow and those that were below above, and then placing anotherinstallment of filling, and so on, each pair of warp-lines forming alongitudinal series of links embracing a series of laterally-extendinginstallments of filling, the warp-lines in each pair crossing at theends of the links or junction of the separate installments of filling.Each installment, as soon as the warp-lines are crossed to retain it,is, if of width necessary to require it, quilted with wire 39, passedthrough vertically and embracing the warp-lines 16 17, which secures itin the form of a flat, pointed, or sharpedged mattress extendinglaterally across the facing and up and down the bank. At the joinings ofthese mattresses where the warp-lines cross there is thus formed chinksor crevices, extending through and across the facing. These I close byforming a batten of filling material laid in the chink on top of thewarp-lines and bound in place by the wire 31 spanning the chink, eachend attached to opposite warp-lines, as shown in Figs-1 and at.

To prevent lateral rupture of the facing and to anchor the same at theupper edge to the bank, the cable 30 is secured at one end to the pointof crossing of the pair of warp-- lines at the lowest edge of facing andis then carried along the crevice between the mattresses and once ormore around the crossing of each pair of warp-lines to the upper edge offacing. (See Figs. 1, 3, and 4.) Here the anchor 42 is attached anddriven well down into the bank, as shown in Fig. It is not oftennecessary to place these lateral binding and anchor cables at everycrevice, as in some work they may be omitted from spaces of ten tothirty feet. To take the place of stone to sink and retain the facing onthe bank in the water the cross 36 is placed on top of the mattress ator near its center, the cable 33 attached to the cross and passed downthrough the mattress with the anchor 35 at its lower end and driven welldown into the bank or bed of the stream. These anchors are driven fromthe rear edge of platform ll or from a like position on the ice and areusually driven diagonally backward, as indicated, to avoid slack in thecable 33 as well as reinforce the starting anchors. Openings are left ormade through the mattresses through which the anchors are placed anddriven.

YVhere the water is turbid and accretions form readily and fillingmaterial is scarce, I economize by constructing the mattress, as shownin Fig. 1, placing centrally therein the framework consisting of thelarge poles 37 37, connected by a series of cross-slats 38, spiked tothe opposite sides, forming a longitudinal cavity through the mattressup and down the facing, which readily fills with the mud, silt, or sandand serves well as an anchor to retain the facing on the bank.

Where filling material has to be transported some distance it is foundexpedient to use the composite building-mats, patented to me September25, 1894,No. 526,457, these being placed end to end in each lateralfacingmattress and so as to break joints in each adjoining mattress. Asthese mats are quilted nearly all of the quilting-wires 39' can beomitted, the other features being carried out in the usual manner.

When the facing is made and deposited from the ice, the edge of the iceis broken off as fast as necessary and either removed or the blocks ofice forced down wherethey are carried away by the current; but when acatamaran is used it is anchored upstream by a main line and retainedagainst the bank by lateral lines, and as often as is required isslackened downstream to let the facing sink or place the anchors 35.

The beam has the hooks 13 to hold the upper warp-line of each pair upout of the way during the filling of each mattress or'section, afterwhich this line is lifted out of the hook and theother line of thepairraised and placed in the hook preparatory to filling the nextsection, and so on. The beam is supported just above the heads of theworkmen on posts 11, with feet 12 and metal pins 15 to prevent slipping,a section for the bank 29 being made oblique to agree with bank, asshown in Fig. 3. These supports are moved downstream on the bank and iceas the work progresses; but if a floating platform 41 is used the posts11 may be fixed upon it.

To carry and control the downstream or forward ends of the warp-lines 1617 they are passed through the clutches or grips l8 and 19, which gripsare attached to opposite ends of the line 26, which runs over thegrooved pulley 20 and thereby keeps the strain equal on each line whenthey are lengthened and shortened by changing places from top to bottom.The pulley 20 is j-ournaled between the forks of the U-shaped frame 21,whichis connected to the line 22 by a swivel-joint 21, which allows theframe and wheel to turn in a plane agreeing with the axis of thewheelthat is, to be inverted when the warp-lines are changed in positionas to top and bottom. The line 22 is attached to and winds on thewindlass 23, journaledin a pair of head-blocks 7 7, fixed to oppositeends of the bed-pieces 8 8. The line 24 is larger in diameter than thelines 22 22 and winds on the windlass in an opposite direction to thelines 22, thus drawng in an opposite direction at the same tangent, andafter making a few coils on the drum 23 the free end is rcleasably heldby the button 23', so that it may be loosened to take up orpay out theline. This line 2-;tis anchored either at forward end of platform 41 ordownstream on the ice or to a pile or in any convenient manner, andbeing larger in diam eter when the windlass is turned by the lever towind it on its length is taken up faster than the lengths of the smallerlines 22 are unwound. Consequently all the connected lines are drawntighter and may be slackened by turning the windlass oppositely,

so as to wind on the small lines and unwind the large one, the framecarrying the windlass moving backward and forward according to thedirection of revolution of the windlass, said frame being generally leftfree to move thus, but provided with the pins 9 9 to tack it temporarilyat any desired point either on platform orice. The drum will remain atrest at any point it may be stopped in ordinary work; but apinion-a-nd-pawl locking device can easily be added for very heavy work.

When the platform is dropped downstream or the apparatus moved forwardon the ice as the work progresses, the warp-lines are released in andallowed to run through the grips l8 and 19. When the drum and pulley aremoved forward toward the anchorage of the line 24,said line is releasedby the button 23' and taken up to keep the parts in about the relativepositions shown.

If at any time a pair of warp-lines is found to be slack from stretchingor any other cause, the whole set may be slackened and one ICC of thepair released and drawn up in the grip and the tension again put on, orany individual warp-line may be drawn through the grip by other means,as wire-tighteners, when it is inexpedient to slacken the whole.

The inclined movable trestle 14 supports the filling in convenientposition to facilitate inverting the pairs of warp-lines and insertingthe quilting-stitches 39.

The warp-lines may be used from the coils in which they are marketed,keeping the same forward the work and letting them pass through thegrips as the work progresses.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a shore or bank facing the combination of a series of pairs ofwarp-lines, embracing laterally extending mats of disintegrate fibrousfilling, and a lateral binding cable coiled around the warp-linesbetween the mats substantially as described.

2. In a shore or bank facing the combination of a series of pairs ofwarp-lines, the lines in each pair alternated back and forth across eachother to form a line of links embracing laterally ranged mats, lateralbinding cables attached to and coiled around the warp-lines between themats and attached to anchors in the bank substantially as described.

3. In a shore or bank facing the combination of a series of pairs ofWarp-lines embracing lateral mats of filling, the lines in each pairalternated back and forth to opposite sides of the facing, crossing eachother and causing a crevice or chink between the mats, and a batten offilling bound into said chinks by lines fastened across the batten toopposite warp-lines substantially as described.

4:. In a shore or bank facing the combination of a series of pairs ofwarp-lines, the lines in each pair passed back and forth across eachother between and to embrace lateral filling mattresses consisting ofcentral cells, formed by pairs of longitudinal timbers with cross slatson opposite sides, within envelopes of disintegrate fibrous materialsubstantially as described.

5. In a shore or bank facing the combination of a series of pairs ofwarp-lines, the lines in each pair passed back and forth across eachother to form links to embrace lateral installments of disintegratefibrous filling, and quilting stitches passed through the filling toengage the warp-lines on opposite sides thereof substantially asdescribed.

6. In a shore or bank facing the combina tion of a series of pairs ofwarp-lines, the lines in each pair passed oppositely back and forthacross each other, between, and to embrace filling mattresses, crossesto rest on the mattresses and connected by cables to anchors driven intothe bank substantially as described.

7. In apparatus for constructing shore or bank facings, the combinationof a lateral beam supporting hooks to releasably suspend the upperwarp-lines, with a cable running over a pulley and having grips at itsends to engage the warp-lines substantially as described.

8. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings the combinationof a winding drum to wind up a cable connected to a pulley carrying acable having grips at its ends to engage the warp-lines substantially asdescribed.

9. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings, the combinationof a larger cable, one end anchored and the other end releasablyattached to a winding drum jour naled in a movable frame-work, one ormore smaller cables with one end attached to wind on the drum in anopposite direction to the larger cable, their other ends connected tothe warp-lines substantially as described.

10. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings the combinationof a larger anchored cable releasably attached to a laterally movablewinding drum, one or more smaller cables to wind on the drum in anopposite direction to the larger cable, and each connected to a pulleycarrying a cable having a grip at each end to engage the warplines,substantially as described.

11. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings, the combinationof a larger anchored cable connected to a laterally movable Winding drumcarrying in an opposite direction a smaller cable connected to thewarp-lines substantially as described.

12. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings the combinationof a larger anchored cable to wind on a laterally movable winding drumcarrying in an opposite direction a smaller cable connected by a swiveljoint to a pulley carrying a cable with its ends connected to thewarp-lines substantially as described.

13. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings the combinationof a larger anchored cable to wind on a laterally movable winding drumcarrying oppositely a smaller cable connected to a pulley carrying acable having grips at its ends to engage warp-lines, and a lateral beamwith hooks to releasably suspend the warp-lines substantially asdescribed.

14.. In a machine for constructing shore or bank facings the combinationof a winding drum with a cable connected by a swivel joint to a pulleycarrying a cable having its ends attachable to the warp-lines, with asupport to releasably suspend the warp-lines substantially as described.

Signed at Blair, in the county of WVashington and State of Nebraska,this 2d day of February, 1895.

DAVID NEALE.

\Vitnesses;

WM. CALDWELL, J. F. Bancnnow.

